Commvault Web Server Remote Code Execution and Webshell Upload Vulnerability Advisory (CVE-2025-3928)
Executive & SecOps Summary
SECOPS ASSESSMENTCommvault Web Server versions prior to 11.36.46, 11.32.89, 11.28.141, and 11.20.217 on Windows and Linux platforms
An authenticated remote attacker can compromise the web server by creating and executing malicious webshells, leading to full system takeover.
Immediately upgrade Commvault Web Server to the patched versions (11.36.46, 11.32.89, 11.28.141, or 11.20.217 or higher).
Affected Products & Version Scope
Remediation & Live Workaround Commands
PATCH & WORKAROUND1. Official Patch & Version Upgrade Commands
Apply the latest service pack or hotfix through the Commvault Maintenance Console or official download center.
Example commands to stop Commvault services and apply updates on Linux:
# Check and stop Commvault services
sudo cvpkgutil -v
sudo commvault stop
# Run the silent installer with the response file containing the update configuration
sudo ./silent_install -play_response_file /path/to/response_file.xml
# Restart services and verify the version
sudo commvault start
sudo cvpkgutil -v2. Temporary Workaround & Hardening Configuration
If patching cannot be applied immediately, restrict access to the Commvault Web Server (default ports 81, 443, etc.) using firewalls or Web Application Firewalls (WAF) to allow only trusted IP ranges (e.g., administrator VPN subnets).
Example Nginx reverse proxy configuration to restrict access:
server {
listen 443 ssl;
server_name commvault.internal.local;
# Allow only internal administrator IP ranges
allow 10.0.0.0/8;
allow 192.168.1.0/24;
deny all;
location / {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:81;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
}
}3. Log Audit & IoC Verification Commands
Inspect the web server directories and logs for unauthorized file creations (such as JSP, ASPX, or PHP webshells).
Example script to search for recently modified suspicious files on Linux:
# Search for scripts created or modified in the last 7 days within Commvault directories
find /opt/commvault/Base/Temp -mtime -7 -type f \( -name '*.jsp' -o -name '*.sh' -o -name '*.py' \)
# Scan web server logs for common webshell execution parameters
grep -Ei 'cmd=|exec=|eval=|query=' /opt/commvault/Log_Files/WebServer.logBlock Exploits Instantly with Managed Virtual Patching Rules
Can't patch production immediately? Deploy managed WAF rules at the edge to intercept RCE, SQLi, and deserialization payloads before they hit your origin server.
Technical Root Cause & Exploitation Mechanics
1. Vulnerability Overview & Root Cause
This vulnerability (CVE-2025-3928) is a code injection vulnerability (CWE-94) arising from insufficient input validation and file management flaws within the Commvault Web Server. It allows an authenticated remote attacker to upload and execute arbitrary files or scripts on the server.
2. Exploitation Mechanics & Attack Scenario
An attacker first authenticates to the Commvault Web Server using valid credentials (even with low privileges). Once authenticated, the attacker exploits file upload or template creation functionalities to write a malicious webshell script into the web root or an executable directory. By directly requesting the uploaded webshell via HTTP, the attacker executes arbitrary system commands under the security context of the web server process. This vulnerability is actively exploited in the wild and has been added to the CISA KEV Catalog.
3. Infrastructure & Business Impact
Commvault is a critical enterprise backup and recovery solution. A compromise of the Commvault Web Server could allow attackers to delete backups, deploy ransomware, or exfiltrate sensitive corporate data. Because this vulnerability is actively exploited (CISA KEV), exposed instances face an extremely high risk of automated scanning and compromise.
Official Vendor Advisories & References
Commvault Web Server has an unspecified vulnerability that can be exploited by a remote, authenticated attacker. According to the Commvault advisory: "Webservers can be compromised through bad actors creating and executing webshells." Fixed in version 11.36.46, 11.32.89, 11.28.141, and 11.20.217 for Windows and Linux platforms. This vulnerability was added to the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) Catalog on 2025-04-28.
Frequently Asked SecOps Questions (CVE-2025-3928)
FAQQ1. How critical is CVE-2025-3928 and is it actively exploited in the wild?
CVE-2025-3928 is rated CVSS 8.8 (HIGH) with a 30-day EPSS exploitation probability of 2.5%. It is listed in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog, requiring immediate emergency remediation.
Q2. Which vendors and products are affected by CVE-2025-3928?
Primary impacted vendors include commvault across web server, commvault web server. Scope summary: Commvault Web Server (Windows and Linux platforms) - Versions prior to 11.36.46 - Versions prior to 11.32.89 - Versions prior to 11.28.141 - Versions prior to 11.20.217
Q3. What temporary mitigations or workarounds exist for CVE-2025-3928 before patching?
[Mitigation] Immediately upgrade Commvault Web Server to the patched versions (11.36.46, 11.32.89, 11.28.141, or 11.20.217 or higher). Follow the CLI remediation commands and interactive SecOps checklist on this page to restrict exposure prior to your maintenance window.
Generate an Internal Engineering Notice or CISO Report for CVE-2025-3928
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